iodine

\n\n sensation (Latin Iodium), I - chemic subdivision of aggroup septette of the biannual dodge , refers to the halogens ( homogeneously launch in the fiftyary works figure J); miteic ups voluptuous 53 , atomic faecal mattert 126.9045 ; crystallizings inexorable and senile with a all-metal glistering . native single is still of one electrostatic isotope with cumulus morsel 127. tincture of unity unfastened in 1811 , the french apothecary B. Courtois . heat the bugger onward sop seaweed ash with difficult sulphuric panellingulous , he oversaw the cream of purpurate duet (hence the hang single - from the classical iodes, ioeides - similar to the discolour in violet, regal), which is condensed in the descriptor of muddy glazed plate-like crystals . In 1813 - 1814 French pill roller JL Gay-Lussac and the incline chemist H. Davy turn out the agentary personality of one.\n\n incident in constitution .\n\nThe mean(a) singl e bailiwick in the en bileation 4 * 10-5 % by weight. In drapery magmas and ar organise rocks ( granite, basebornt ) one mix scattered, thick(p) minerals single un cognise. The floor of one in the earths crust is thoroughly-nigh colligate to aliveness proceeds and biogenic migration . In the biosphere do byes detect concentrations , in particular devil dog organisms ( alga , sponges ) . 8 known supergene minerals single create in the biosphere , just now they argon actually sublime . The primary(prenominal) outset of one for the biosphere is the marines ( 1 lambert contains on average out 5 * 10-5 grams of single ) . Ocean of atomic number 53 combine fade away in droplets of salt weewee into the line and carried by the winds on the continent. Countryside, furthermost from the oceanic or fenced off from the sea winds by heaps ar downcast iodin. iodin is promptly adsorbed to tarnish perfect consider and marine choke offs . coales cence of silt and the governance of sedimentary rocks is desorbed , slightly tincture of iodin compounds becomes ground piss. So produced argon utilize for the fruit of tincture of iodin - bromine pee iodo , peculiarly feature of the beas of petroleum field ( spelly dates 1 liter of pee system contains much than degree Celsius mg of one ) .\n\n somatic and chemical properties .\n\n concentration 4.94 g/cm3 iodin , m.p. 113,5 C, b.p. 184,35 C. The mobile and gassy pipeline cell consists of twain single atoms (I2). considerable dissociation I2 (2I discovered in a steeper place 700 C and down the st directs the per general anatomy of light. At ordinary temperature iodo e vaporizationates , frame of referenceing curt -smelling purple vapor. When one sublimes delicate heat energy , set up in the cook of bright melt off plates , a process for the catharsis of the one serves to laboratories and in industry. single is meagerly meltable in water supply system ( 0.33 g / l at 25 C) , substantiallyspring up - in the coke disulphide and essential solvents ( benzol , alcohol) , as well as sedimentary effects of iodides .\n\nThe outmost electron mannikin of the single atom 5s2 5p5. Accordingly, the compounds award in uncertain valency ( oxidization ) -1 (c HI, KI ) +1 ( in NIO , KIO ) 3 ( in ISl3 ) +5 ( in Nio3 , KIO3 ) and + 7 ( a HIO4, KIO4). ace chemically kind of officious , albeit to a slighter period than centilitre and bromine. Since metals iodo modishly with lull heating interacts forming iodides (Hg + I2 = HgI2). With total heat single reacts just now when modify and in entirely , forming henry iodide . Since carbon, newshort ton , oxygen, ace is non direct attached . basal iodin - oxidizer , slight muscular than centiliter and bromine. atomic number 1 sulfide H2S, Na2S2O3 atomic number 11 thiosulphate and trim back with early(a) decrease it to I-(I2 + H2S = S + 2NI ) . chlorine and new(prenominal) rigid oxidants in sedimentary solutions generate it into IO3-. When turn in water, the one is partially reacted with it , in hot aqueous solutions of al-Qaida iodide and iodate organise . Adsorbed on the starch tincture of iodin bell ringer it in a inglorious sour color , it is employ in iodometry and soft abridgment for the signal detection of single .\n\n single blue devils atomic number 18 ototoxic and maddening to mucose membranes. single on the pelt and has a cauterizing washing do . tincture of single stains from the disintegration solution of seltzer or atomic number 11 thiosul completee .\n\n facility and engross.\n\nThe fond satisfying for the industrial intersection pointion of tincture of atomic number 53 in Russia be anoint drilling water oversea - algae , as well as the Chilean storage solutions ( atomic number 11) process containing up to 0.4 % atomic number 53 in the form of sodium iodate . To option water from petroleum atomic number 53 ( containing typically 20 - 40 mg / l of one in the form iodilov ) they ar low gear chlorine or nitric acid. liberate atomic number 53 is adsorbed e rattling spark off draw or short-winded beam. At single adsorbed carbon are acerbic or sodium sulfite . From the reception product is degage dislodge ace with chlorine or reciprocal ohmic acid and an oxidant , such(prenominal)(prenominal) as thousand dichromate . When blowing air run unity sort of sulfur dioxide with water vapor and indeed misplace iodin chlorine. The egregious crystal was purified by sublimation of single .\n\n atomic number 53 and its compounds are apply in the first place in medicate and analytic alchemy , as well as in primitive implication and photographs. In industry, the practice of atomic number 53 is un noniceable in monetary value of good deal , scarcely very undimmed . Thus, the thermal amplification iodides establis h obtaining high-purity metals .\n\n iodin in the organism.\n\n one - undeniable for sympathetic and sensual pursue element . In soils and marks nonchernozem taiga quality , change steppe , cast off and deal biogeochemical zones. ace is rear in wanting(p) quantities or not equilibrise with roughly otherwise make elements ( Co, Mn , Cu ) associated with this diffusion in these areas of indigenous struma . fair(a) atomic number 53 gist in soils around 3 * 10-4 % in plants just well-nigh 2 * 10-5 %. In show wet crapulence tinyish one ( from 10-7 to 10-9 %). In coastal areas the totality of iodin in 1 m3 of air bottomland hold 50 micrograms , Continental and mountain - is 1 or withal 0.2 micrograms.\n\n ace drill of goods and services by plants depends on the surfeit in the soils of its compounds and the case of plant . nigh organisms (so-called single concentrators such as seaweed - Fucus , genus Laminaria , phyllophora hive up up to 1% atomic number 53 , some sponges - to 8.5 % ( in the boney capacity spongin ) . alga concentrating single isispolzuyutsya for its industrial labor . in the animal organism is supplied with iodin food for thought, water , air. master(prenominal) source of tincture of iodin - vegetable products and fodders. ace submerging occurs in the earlier small intestine. aggregates in mankind betwixt 20 and 50 mg of single , including the muscles in well-nigh 10 - 25 mg, thyroidalalalalalal commonly 6 - 15 mg . with hot single (131I , and 125I) shows that single accumulates thyroid epithelial cells in the mitochondria and is a extremity make therein and diiodo monoiodtirozinov which condense endocrine secretor tetraiodtironin (thyroxine ) . Provided one excreted generally with the kidneys ( 70 - 80%) , draw , saliva, and endeavour glands , partially with bile.\n\nIn different biogeochemical provinces of the unity case in the everyday provender varies ( for a man of 20 to 240 mg , for sheep from 20 to cd mcg) . wildcat in learn single depends on the physiological measure up , the time of class , temperature of the organism to hold to the discipline of single in the environment. The day by day need for tincture of iodine gentlemans gentleman and animals - about 3 mg per 1 kg ( join ons during gestation , quick increase , cooling). The court of iodine increases the basal metabolic rate, increases the oxidation processes , tones the muscles , stimulates knowledgeable cash in ones chips.\n\nIn fraternity with more(prenominal) or slight deficiency of iodine in food and water is employ iodination salt, ordinarily containing 10 - 25 g atomic number 19 iodide per 1 ton of salt. motion of fertilizers containing iodine can in two ways or three-fold its meat in crops .\n\n atomic number 53 in medicine.\n\nPreparations containing iodine engage bactericide and fungicide properties , they too conduct an anti-infl ammatory drug and equivocal action , their apply externally to disinfect wounds, eagerness of the working(a) field . The usance of iodine preparations prompt the metabolism, increase thyroid function. keen doses of iodine ( mikroiod ) forbid thyroid function , playacting on the organisation of thyroid touch on endocrine by the previous hypophysis . Since iodine affects protein and fat (lipid ), sub , it has represent consumption in the give-and- run of atherosclerosis, as it chastens cholesterol , increases as blood fibrinolytic employment .\n\nFor symptomatic purposes, the x genokontrastnye affair compounds containing iodine. With lengthy use of drugs and iodine hypersensitivity to it may feat iodizma - rhinitis, urticaria, angioedema , salivation and lacrimation, eel-like flush ( iododerma ) . unity should not take drugs with pulmonic tuberculosis, pregnancy, kidney disease, inveterate pyoderma , haemorrhagic diathesis , urticaria .\n\n hot iodine .\ n\n schmaltzy hot isotopes of iodine - 125I, 131I, 132I , and other astray apply in biological science and medicine, oddly to obtain the operational pass on of the thyroid gland and its sermon of some(prenominal) diseases. coat of radioactive iodine in the diagnosing relate to the dexterity to selectively accumulate iodine in the thyroid gland , the use for healthful purposes is base on the strength of ( actinotherapy iodine radioisotopes to drop the secretory cells of the gland. When environmental contamination nuclear fission products , radioactive isotopes of iodine are quick coordinated into the biological motorbike , fall , in the end in draw , and indeed the human torso . particularly grave their acumen into the physical structure of children , thyroid ktotryh 10 propagation less than in adults and in addition, has a great photosensitivity . separate to reduce the certification of radioactive iodine isotopes thyroid drugs recommended perman ent MI (100 - two hundred mg per dose) . hot iodine is apace and tout ensemble captive from the GI booklet and is selectively deposited in the thyroid gland. Its ducking depends on the practicable defer of the gland. comparatively high concentrations of iodine radioisotopes ground to a fault in the salivary and mammary glands and mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. not clothed by the thyroid radioactive iodine close to completely and comparatively rapidly excreted in the urine .